Design and application research of power battery thermal runaway gas collection tester
Publish Time: 2025-04-08
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the safety of power batteries has become the focus of attention. As one of the most serious safety hazards, the research on power battery thermal runaway is particularly important. This paper introduces in detail the design principle, functional characteristics and application prospects of a power battery thermal runaway gas collection tester that can withstand three triggering modes: overcharging, heating and acupuncture. The device collects the gas released after the battery thermal runaway through a pressurized closed container, and automatically collects and records the battery's temperature, voltage information and video images, providing important data support for the research on power battery thermal runaway.
In recent years, electric vehicles have gradually become an important direction for the development of the automobile industry due to their environmental protection and energy saving advantages. However, as the core component of electric vehicles, the safety of power batteries has always been one of the key factors restricting the popularization of electric vehicles. Power battery thermal runaway refers to a violent chemical reaction inside the battery, which causes a sharp increase in temperature and even causes combustion or explosion. Thermal runaway will not only cause serious damage to the vehicle, but may also endanger the lives of passengers. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the triggering mechanism, preventive measures and emergency treatment methods of power battery thermal runaway.
Power battery thermal runaway triggering methods
There are three main triggering methods for power battery thermal runaway: overcharging, heating and puncture.
Overcharging: When the battery is charged to more than its designed capacity, too much heat will be generated inside the battery, causing the temperature to rise, which may cause thermal runaway.
Heating: Heat the battery through an external heating source to simulate the battery behavior in a high temperature environment and observe the occurrence of thermal runaway.
Puncture: Use a sharp object to penetrate the battery shell, directly destroy the internal structure of the battery, and trigger the battery thermal runaway.
Design principle of gas collection tester
Pressure-bearing closed container
The main body of this device is a pressure-bearing closed container. The design fully considers the high-pressure gas that may be generated by battery thermal runaway to ensure that the container can withstand pressure changes under extreme conditions and ensure the safety of the test personnel. The container material selects high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal or composite materials to ensure long-term stability and reliability.
Gas collection and analysis system
After the battery thermal runaway, the gas in the closed container will be collected and transported to the analysis system. The analysis system uses a high-precision gas analyzer, which can accurately detect and record information such as gas composition and concentration, providing data support for subsequent research.
Data acquisition and recording system
This device is equipped with an automatic data acquisition and recording system, which can collect battery temperature and voltage information in real time and record video images. These data not only help to study the dynamic process of battery thermal runaway, but also provide important basis for battery safety performance evaluation.
Functional features
Multi-trigger mode compatibility: This device can withstand three trigger modes: overcharge, heating, and acupuncture, meeting different research needs.
Safe and reliable: The pressure-bearing closed container design ensures the safety of personnel during the test.
Comprehensive data: Automatically collect and record battery temperature, voltage information and video images to provide comprehensive research data.
Accurate analysis: High-precision gas analyzer ensures the accuracy of gas composition analysis.
Application prospects
Battery safety performance evaluation
The gas data collected by this device, combined with the temperature and voltage information of the battery, can be used to comprehensively evaluate the safety performance of the battery. This is of great significance for battery manufacturers to improve battery design and improve battery safety.
Research on thermal runaway mechanism
This device can simulate the occurrence process of battery thermal runaway, and provide important data support for studying the triggering mechanism, development process and preventive measures of thermal runaway. By analyzing the thermal runaway behavior of batteries under different triggering modes, we can deeply understand the internal laws of thermal runaway and provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of battery safety technology.
Research on emergency treatment methods
By analyzing data such as gas composition and temperature changes during battery thermal runaway, we can study effective emergency treatment methods to reduce the harm of thermal runaway to vehicles and passengers. For example, develop a battery management system that can respond quickly, detect and handle battery abnormalities in time, and prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway.
Regulation and standard formulation
The research results of this device can also provide a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant regulations and standards for power batteries. Through large-scale experiments and data accumulation, we can promote the improvement of the power battery safety performance evaluation system and improve the safety level of the entire industry.
Experimental verification and case analysis
Experimental verification
To verify the performance and reliability of this device, we conducted multiple groups of experiments. The experimental results show that the device can accurately collect the gas released after the battery thermal runaway, and automatically collect and record the battery temperature, voltage information and video images. The gas analysis results show that the gas composition and concentration released by the battery under different triggering modes are different, which provides important clues for the study of thermal runaway mechanism.
Case analysis
Taking a certain brand of electric vehicle battery as an example, we used this device to conduct a needle puncture triggering experiment. During the experiment, the device successfully collected the gas released after the battery thermal runaway, and recorded the battery temperature, voltage changes and video images. The analysis results show that after the needle puncture trigger, the battery quickly enters the thermal runaway state, releasing a large amount of flammable gas, the temperature rises sharply, and the voltage drops sharply. These data provide an important basis for the evaluation and improvement of battery safety performance.
This paper introduces a power battery thermal runaway gas collection tester that can withstand three triggering modes: overcharging, heating, and needle puncture. The device collects the gas released after the battery thermal runaway through a pressurized closed container, and automatically collects and records the battery temperature, voltage information and video images, providing important data support for the study of power battery thermal runaway. Experimental verification and case analysis show that this device has the advantages of reliable performance, comprehensive data, and accurate analysis, and has broad application prospects.
In the future, with the continuous development of the electric vehicle industry, the safety of power batteries will receive more and more attention. The research and application of this device will provide strong support for the research and development of battery safety technology and promote the healthy development of the electric vehicle industry. At the same time, with the continuous advancement of technology, the functions and performance of this device will continue to be improved and optimized, providing more comprehensive and accurate data support for the study of thermal runaway of power batteries.
